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Battle of the Planets

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For the comic book series based on this television program, see Battle of the Planets (comics).
Battle of the Planets
Based onScience Ninja Team Gatchaman
by Tatsuo Yoshida
Developed bySandy Frank
Directed by
  • David E. Hanson
  • Alan Dinehart
Voices of
Narrated byWilliam Woodson (Opening Narration)
Theme music composerHoyt Curtin
Composers
Country of origin
  • United States
  • Japan (o.v.)
No. of episodes85 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producers
Producers
  • David E. Hanson
  • Alan Dinehart
AnimatorTatsunoko Production
Running time30 minutes
Production companies
Original release
NetworkFirst-run syndication[1]
ReleaseSeptember 12, 1978 (1978-09-12) –
May 12, 1980 (1980-05-12)

Battle of the Planets is an American adaptation of the Japanese anime series Science Ninja Team Gatchaman (1972).[2] Of the 105 original Gatchaman episodes, 85 were used in the Battle of the Planets adaptation, produced by Sandy Frank Entertainment.[3] The adaptation was generally faithful to the plot and character development of the original Gatchaman series, but significant additions and reductions were made in order to increase appeal to the North American television market of the late 1970s, as well as avoid controversy from parents; these included the removal of elements of graphic violence and profanity.[4]

It was the most successful anime series in the United States during the 1970s, airing on 100 network affiliates during after-school hours by 1979.[5] As of June 2013, Sentai Filmworks have licensed the Gatchaman franchise.[6] An oft-delayed CGI film based on the franchise, Gatchaman, last slated for a 2011 release from Warner Bros., was officially canceled in June 2011. However, a live-action Gatchaman feature film was released in Japan in August 2013. As of 2018, the series has been made available for streaming on Hidive.[7]

History

[edit]

In April 1977, TV producer Sandy Frank attended the MIP-TV conference in Cannes. It was here Frank first encountered the Japanese animation Gatchaman from producer Tatsunoko Production run by the Yoshida brothers.[8] Frank committed to a Western release after seeing how successful the film Star Wars was in May 1977.[9]

Battle of the Planets is the title of the American adaptation of this series created by Frank. New footage was authorized and Frank hired writers to add dialogue to fit the look of the animation, without reference to original scripts.[9] Of the 105 original Gatchaman episodes, the adaptation used 85.[10]

Plot

[edit]

Battle of the Planets cast five young people as G-Force, consisting of Mark, Jason, Princess, Keyop, and Tiny. G-Force protects Earth from the planet Spectra and other attacks from beyond space. The most prominent field commander of the Spectra forces was a villainous, masked individual known as Zoltar. Zoltar would receive his orders directly from a being he would refer to as the "Luminous One". The Luminous One would appear as a ghost-like, disembodied, floating head. Who, or what, this being actually was, is never explained in any detail throughout the series.

The main ship of the G-Force team was called the Phoenix, which could carry, transport, and deploy four smaller vehicles, each operated by one team member. The four vehicles included a futuristic race car with various hidden weapons driven by Jason; this vehicle was concealed within the Phoenix's nosecone. The "galacti-cycle", a futuristic motorcycle Princess rode, was stored within the left-wing capsule of the Phoenix. Keyop's "Space Bubble", an all-terrain, tank-like vehicle capable of VTOL as well as being a submersible craft, was held in the right storage capsule of the Phoenix. And lastly, a futuristic jet fighter Mark pilots was stored in the top rear section of the Phoenix command island structure, and which used its tail fin to make up the center tail fin of the Phoenix. The fifth crew member, Tiny, was assigned to pilot the Phoenix rather than one of the detachable craft.

A regularly featured plot device was the transformation of the Phoenix into a flaming bird-shaped craft able to handle virtually any exceptional situation for a brief period by essentially turning itself into pure energy called the Fiery Phoenix. The Phoenix's primary weapon was a supply of rockets called "TBX missiles" in the series. It also occasionally flaunted a powerful solar-powered energy blaster, although the team had the misfortune of choosing very cloudy days to use it.

The G-Force team themselves would use a combination of martial arts skills, ninja-like weapons, and their "cerebonic" powers to dispatch hordes of enemy soldiers and overcome other obstacles. Their bird-like costumes include wing-like capes that could fan out and function nearly identically to parachutes and/or wingsuits, enabling the G-Force members to drift or glide down to safety from heights that would otherwise prove fatal.

The G-Force members stay in contact through a wrist-band communicator device which also serves as a way for them to change or "transmute" instantly from their civilian clothes into their G-Force uniforms, and back again. Other weapons seen displayed by various team members include Mark's sonic boomerang, a bird-shaped boomerang with razor-sharp wings; Jason's and Tiny's multi-purpose gadget guns, which can be outfitted with grappling hook and line, drill bits, etc.; and Keyop's and Princess's yo-yo bombs, which could be used as bolas, darts, and explosive devices. Other weapons include feathers with a sharpened steel quill that could be used as deadly throwing darts and mini-grenades shaped like ball bearings with spike studs.

Key changes in the adaptation

[edit]

The Battle of the Planets adaptation differs significantly from Gatchaman.[11] The difference is due to heavy editing made to make the show appealing to the audience in the United States by removing controversial elements (i.e. graphic violence, profanity, and a gender changing mutant) while adding elements reminiscent of the feature film Star Wars, which was popular at the time. In fact, the name "Battle of the Planets" was an attempt to associate itself with the popularity of Star Wars. While the original Gatchaman was earthbound, dark-toned, and environmentally themed, the adaptation morphed it into a less violent outer space show with robot characters, although some environmental themes were kept, and this is also why the other planets to which G-Force traveled on missions looked very much like Earth. Setting, violence, objectionable language, and certain character fatalities were altered or eliminated by cutting scenes, dubbing, and explanatory voice-overs (for instance, claiming that the city had been evacuated before a battle scene that would show the incidental destruction of buildings and houses, as well as explaining away the destruction of the Earth armies and air forces as being robot tanks and fighter planes).[12][13]

One of the most notable changes in the BotP adaptation involves the character Keyop (Jinpei in Gatchaman), who picked up a bizarre verbal tic of stuttering, chirping, and burbling every time he started to speak. There was a longstanding fan rumor that this was done because the original character spoke using much profanity and that Keyop's excess mouth motion would cover up deleting the words. This was not true, as demonstrated by the existence of an unedited Gatchaman version released by ADV Films in the US, in which Jinpei rarely, if ever, used profanity. The in-story explanation for Keyop's unique manner of speech is that he is an artificial life form with a speech impediment because of slightly defective genetic engineering.[14]

The main villain, known as Zoltar in BotP, had an unusual background due to the gender changing mutant nature of the original Berg Katse character. In an episode where Katse's female half was featured (BotP title: "The Galaxy Girls"), she was introduced as a separate character, Zoltar's sister, for BotP. (A hint of her actual nature was retained in the name she used when masquerading as a human, Mala Latroz—"Latroz" is an anagram of "Zoltar".)[14]

To compensate for the other differences, a robot named 7-Zark-7—who watched over G-Force from their base, Center Neptune—performed explanatory voiceovers and light comic relief, which not only padded the time lost from editing but also filled in the gaps in the storyline. This device bears the influence of contemporary Star Wars film, with 7-Zark-7 having a visual appearance not dissimilar from R2-D2, and a somewhat camp personality in the style of C-3PO. Notionally, 7-Zark-7 ran the undersea monitoring station Center Neptune, from where he received information regarding incoming threats to Earth and relayed that information to G-Force. Zark and other added characters, such as 1-Rover-1, Zark's robotic dog (who could hover from one side of the control room to the other by spinning his tail like a propeller, Muttley-style) and Susan (the early-warning computer whose sultry feminine voice often sent Zark into ecstasy) added to the cartoon's youth appeal. Some additional footage was also animated showing G-Force members Mark and Princess (using their Gatchaman model sheets) interacting with Zark, as well putting an image of Mark on a video screen in the control room, helping his addition blend more smoothly into the existing Gatchaman footage (although there is a clear difference in quality between the Zark and the Gatchaman animation).

Character variations

[edit]
Team variations in different versions
Gatchaman Battle of the Planets G-Force Eagle Riders OVA (Harmony Gold dub) Rank Bird Uniform Weapon Mecha Voice actor (Gatchaman) Voice actor (Gatchaman OVA) Voice actor (BotP) Voice actor (G-Force) Voice actor (Harmony Gold OVA dub) Voice actor (Eagle Riders) Voice actor (ADV TV/Sentai OVA dub)
Ken Washio Mark Ace Goodheart Hunter Harris Ken the Eagle G1 Eagle Razor boomerang Airplane Katsuji Mori Masaya Onosaka Casey Kasem Sam Fontana Eddie Frierson Richard Cansino Leraldo Anzaldua
George "Joe" Asakura Jason Dirk Daring Joe Thax Joe the Condor G2 Condor Pistol Race Car Isao Sasaki Kōji Ishii Ronnie Schell Cam Clarke Richard Cansino Bryan Cranston Brian Jepson
Jun Princess Agatha "Aggie" June Kelly Jennar June the Swan G3 Swan Yo-yo Motorcycle Kazuko Sugiyama Michiko Neya Janet Waldo Barbara Goodson Lara Cody Heidi Noelle Lenhart Kim Prause
Jinpei Keyop Pee Wee Mickey Dugan Jimmy the Falcon G4 Swallow Bolo Dune Buggy Yoku Shioya Rica Matsumoto Alan Young Barbara Goodson Mona Marshall Mona Marshall Luci Christian
Ryu Nakanishi Tiny Harper Hoot "Hooty" Owl Ollie Keeawani Rocky the Owl G5 Owl Pistol God Phoenix Shingo Kanemoto Fumihiko Tachiki Alan Dinehart Jan Rabson/ Gregg Berger Richard Epcar Paul Schrier Victor Carsrud
Character variations across different versions
Gatchaman Battle of the Planets G-Force Eagle Riders OVA (Harmony Gold Dub) Voice actor (Gatchaman) Voice actor (Gatchaman OVA) Voice actor (BotP) Voice actor (G-Force) Voice actor (Eagle Riders) Voice actor (Harmony Gold OVA dub) Voice actor (ADV TV/Sentai OVA dub)
Dr. Kozaburo Nambu-hakase Chief Anderson Dr. Benjamin Brighthead Dr. Thaddeus Keane Dr. Kozaburo Nambu Tōru Ōhira Jan Rabson/Gregg Berger Alan Dinehart Ikuya Sawaki Michael McConnohie Greg O'Neill Andy McAvin
ISO Director Anderson President Kane Anderson / Cmdr. Todd (some episodes) Anderson Director Anderson Teiji Ōmiya Jan Rabson/Gregg Berger Alan Young Yonehiko Kitagawa Michael Forest Marty Fleck
Red Impulse / Kentaro Washio Col. Cronos Red Impulse / Kendrick Goodheart Red Impulse / Harley Harris Red Spectre / Kentaro Washio Cam Clarke Bob Papenbrook Keye Luke Unshō Ishizuka John Tyson
Berg Katse Zoltar Galactor Lukan Solaris Mikio Terashima Bill Capizzi Keye Luke Kaneto Shiozawa R. Martin Klein Edwin Neal
Sosai (Leader) X O Luminous One / The Great Spirit Computor Cybercom Lord Zortek Nobuo Tanaka Jan Rabson/Gregg Berger Keye Luke Nobuo Tanaka Ralph Votrais Peter Spellos Winston Parish
Gel Sadra Mallanox Masaru Ikeda R. Martin Klein
Sylvie Pandora-hakase Dr. Sylvie Pandora Dr. Francine Aikens Miyuka Ieda Lara Cody
Announcer Norm Prescott William Woodson (Main) / Alan Young (Zark) Hideo Kinoshita/Shūsei Nakamura George Manley
Other notable changes
Variations Gatchaman (Japanese) Battle of the Planets Guardians of Space Eagle Riders OVA (English, Harmony Gold) Gatchaman (English)
Identity change command Bird, go!‡ Transmute! G-Force, transform! Eagle Mode, now!
Ken Eagle One, transform!
Joe Shapeshift, Condor!
June Swan Mode, now!
Jimmy  Falcon Tracker, transform!
Bird, go!
Enemy planet Selectol Spectra Galactor Vorak Galactor Selectol
Enemy civilization Galactor (Gyarakutā) Spectra Galactor Vorak Galactor Galactor

‡The original Japanese-language version of Gatchaman contains a small amount of English.

Other media

[edit]

Subsequent variations

[edit]
Left to right: Mark, Tiny, Keyop, Princess, and Jason

In 1986, Gatchaman was re-worked in the US as G-Force: Guardians of Space by Turner, with a good deal of the original content edited out of Battle of the Planets put back into the show. It followed the plot of the original Gatchaman much more faithfully than Battle of the Planets because of this. Missing was Hoyt Curtin's original score. New voice acting was used.

Two soundtrack albums and several DVDs have been released.

The two Japanese follow-up series, Gatchaman II and Gatchaman Fighter, were combined into 65 episodes and released as the Saban-produced show Eagle Riders. All 65 episodes aired in Australia, but in the United States, only 13 episodes were aired.

TV movie

[edit]

A TV movie called Battle of the Planets: The Movie was made by Gallerie International Films and Sandy Frank Film Syndication. David Bret Egen was the voice of 7-Zark-7. Several episodes were compiled to create a new storyline that contained violence as well as deaths. It was considered for an uncut remake of Battle of the Planets, but was scrapped when plans changed, as Frank began focusing efforts on arranging an uncut dub of Gatchaman instead.

Comic books

[edit]
Main article: Battle of the Planets (comics)

Battle of the Planets was also released in comic book form, originally by Gold Key Comics, but later revamped by Top Cow Productions.[15] Among the Top Cow comic books was Battle of the Planets: Princess, written by David Wohl with art by Wilson Tortosa, released in 2002.[16] A Battle of the Planets comic strip ran in the British TV Comic. The TV Comic issues which feature the Battle of the Planets strip run from #1530 (17 April 1981) to #1671 (30 December 1983). TV Comic also reprinted some of the Gold Key stories for two Battle of the Planets holiday specials and one TV Comic holiday special. There was also a Battle of the Planets Annual which reprinted some of the Gold Key stories.

Voice cast

[edit]

Apart from the pilot episode, Battle of the Planets featured a generic end credits sequence which only credited the regular cast, Alan Young, Casey Kasem, Janet Waldo, Ronnie Schell, Keye Luke and Alan Dinehart. But in addition to the regulars, several uncredited 'guest' performers voiced secondary characters in many of the episodes. These included Takayo Fischer, William Woodson (who was also the announcer for the opening titles, episode previews and trailers), Frank Maxwell, Edward Andrews, Wendy Young (daughter of Alan Young), and David Jolliffe (who also voiced Jason in the pilot.) The pilot episode featured a different end credits sequence which also credited Jolliffe, William Woodson and Alan Oppenheimer. It is unclear which character Oppenheimer voiced in the episode (it may have been Gorok, the episode's villain; or it may have been Chief Anderson, who was cut from the final version of the episode), and he never worked on the series again.

Regular Cast:

  • Alan Young as 7-Zark-7, Keyop, additional voices
  • Casey Kasem as Mark, additional voices
  • Ronnie Schell as Jason (regular voice), Tiny (episode 1), additional voices
  • Keye Luke as Zoltar, the Spirit, Cronos, additional voices
  • Janet Waldo as Princess, Susan, additional voices
  • Alan Dinehart as Tiny (regular voice), Anderson, additional voices

Additional voices provided by:

Episodes

[edit]
Main article: List of Battle of the Planets episodes

Soundtrack

[edit]
Battle of the Planets track listing[17]
  1. Main Theme – Title Card
  2. Dramatic Curtain
  3. Ready Room
  4. Alien Trap
  5. BP-Mysterioso 4 – BP-Mysterioso 3 – BP-Mysterioso 2
  6. BP-Teenage Mysterioso
  7. Love In The Afterburner
  8. 7-Zark-7's Song – Zarks Theme Alt – Zark Disco
  9. Keyops 1 – Robot Hijinks
  10. Firefight
  11. BP-Orion Cue #1 – Orion 4 – BP-Orion Runs
  12. Alien Planet
  13. Two Monsters – Star Fight
  14. Alien Trouble – More Alien Trouble
  15. Space On Fire
  16. Phoenix Raising
  17. BP-108
  18. BP-101 Alt – The Robot's Dog
  19. BP-Sneak-Up – BP-Bad Guys
  20. Return To The Alien Planet
  21. BP-600 – BP600 A
  22. BP-101 – BP-106 – BP-107 – BP-2002
  23. Come Out, Come Out
  24. BP-105 – BP-2001
  25. Melting Jets
  26. BP-Dialogue – BP-2025 – BP-Mysterious – BP-2020 – BP-2002
  27. The Chief Alien Shows Up - Victory
  28. Main Title With Voice Over
  29. Emblem G
  30. Spectra Visions
  31. Like The Phoenix
  32. Coral Reef
  33. Crescent Moon
  34. Holding Up A Shad
  35. Zoltar, Fastening The Armor
  36. Fighter G
  37. Red Illusion
  38. The Earth Is Alone!
  39. A Vow To The Sky
  40. Countdown
  41. Fighting Phoenix
  42. Space Chase
  43. BP-1 Zark's Theme
  44. Alien Planet
  45. BP-1000
  46. Space Mummy Trailer
  47. Space Serpent Trailer
  48. The Ghost Ship Of Planet Mir Trailer
  49. The Luminous One (Promo Spot)
  50. G-Force Vs. Zoltar (Promo Spot)
  51. 7-Zark-7 And Company (Promo Spot)
  52. The Luminous One #2 (Promo Spot)
  53. Commander Mark, Jason (Promo Spot)
  54. Princess, Tiny, Keyop (Promo Spot)
  55. Battle Of The Planes 04 (Remix) – Spray
  56. The Ballad Of 7 Zark 7 (Remix) – Spray

Reception

[edit]
Princess cosplayer

In the United Kingdom, the show was voted #42 on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Kids' TV Shows in 2001.[18]

The show was voted #62 on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Cartoons in 2004.

According to Wizard magazine, Battle of the Planets is considered to be one of the 100 greatest animated shows.[19]

In 2009, IGN ranked BotP as the 44th-greatest animated show of all time in their Top 100 list.[20]

Legacy

[edit]

Scrapped reboot

[edit]

An animated reboot, with the working subtitle Phoenix Ninjas, was planned to have been produced by Nelvana, d-rights and Tatsunoko.[21][22][23] Aimed at the 6-11 male demographic, the project was conceived when d-rights expressed interest in Nelvana rebooting the franchise following the success of the second generation of Beyblade.[24] No new information on the project has surfaced since 2016 and it appears to be scrapped as Nelvana's parent company Corus Entertainment removed the press release from their official website.

Live-action film

[edit]

It was announced at the 2019 San Diego Comic-Con that Joe and Anthony Russo are producing a live-action Battle of the Planets film through their production company, AGBO, with the possibility of directing.[25] On July 22, 2021, it was announced the duo have brought Daniel Casey to write the script.[26] In a video interview with AP Entertainment on July 1, 2022, Joe Russo said they are still working on the movie.[27]

Further reading

[edit]
  • G-Force: Animated (TwoMorrows Publishing: ISBN 978-1-893905-18-4)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Top 100 Animated TV Series". IGN. 14 January 2009. Archived from the original on 16 June 2010.
  2. ^ "From 'Speed' to outer space". Japan Times. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
  3. ^ Erickson, Hal (2005). Television Cartoon Shows: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, 1949 Through 2003 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Co. pp. 122–124. ISBN 978-1476665993.
  4. ^ "Battle of the Planets 25th Anniversary Collection". IGN. June 13, 2003. Retrieved October 6, 2008.
  5. ^ Bain, Marc (May 21, 2020). "How Japan's global image morphed from military empire to eccentric pop-culture superpower". Quartz. Archived from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  6. ^ "Sentai Filmworks Licenses Gatchaman". Sentai-filmworks.com. 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  7. ^ "Stream Episode 1 of Battle of the Planets on HIDIVE". HIDIVE.
  8. ^ Kelts, Roland (2006). Japanamerica: How Japanese Pop Culture Has Invaded the U.S.. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230602038.
  9. ^ a b Lunning, Frenchy (2010). Fanthropologies. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 9781452915654.
  10. ^ "How Battle of the Planets Foretold the Western Anime Boom". CBR. September 11, 2018.
  11. ^ "Battle of the Planets Vol. #2". Mania.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-23. Retrieved 2013-09-09.
  12. ^ "BBC - Cult - Classic TV - Battle of the Planets". bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 May 2008.
  13. ^ "New from Japan: Anime Film Reviews". Animation World Network. 28 December 2001. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
  14. ^ a b Hofius, Jason; Khoury, George (2002-12-15). G-Force Animated - Jason Hofius, George Khoury, Alex Ross - Google Boeken. TwoMorrows. ISBN 9781893905184. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
  15. ^ "Comic Book Review: Battle of the Planets #3". The Trades. 2002-09-23. Archived from the original on 2013-05-25. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
  16. ^ "Battle of the Planets #1 breaks 150,000". Comic Book Resources. 13 June 2003. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  17. ^ "Battle of the Planets". Silva Screen Music Soundtracks. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008.
  18. ^ "100 Greatest Kids' TV shows". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
  19. ^ "'Battle of the Planets' Headed to Boomerang". Animation Insider. 5 April 2004. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011.
  20. ^ "Top 100 Animated Series - IGN.com". Retrieved 20 April 2020 – via www.ign.com.
  21. ^ "Battle of the Planets blasts into the 21st century". Kidscreen. 13 January 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  22. ^ "Battle of the Planets/Gatchaman Gets Reboot by Beyblade Team". Anime News Network. 20 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  23. ^ "Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS)". USPTO. 4 March 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  24. ^ Dillon, Matt (21 April 2015). "State of the industry: Canadian kids TV". TBI Vision. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  25. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (July 19, 2019). "Russo Brothers' AGBO Studios Developing 'Grimjack Comics' & Japanese Anime 'Battle Of The Planets' – Comic-Con". Deadline. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
  26. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (July 22, 2021). "'F9' Scribe Daniel Casey To Write AGBO's 'Battle Of The Planets' Feature – Comic-Con". Deadline. Retrieved July 22, 2021.
  27. ^ "Russo Brothers Open to Marvel Return, Say X-Men Would Be a Fun Project". Marvel. Retrieved 2022-07-25.
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