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Mesquite, Texas

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For the census designated place in Starr County, see Mesquite, Starr County, Texas.

Mesquite, Texas
City
Top to bottom, left to right: AMC 30 Mesquite, Stephen Decatur Lawrence Farmstead, Mesquite Memorial Stadium, Mesquite Metro Airport hangar, Mesquite High School, and Mesquite Tower
Top to bottom, left to right: AMC 30 Mesquite, Stephen Decatur Lawrence Farmstead, Mesquite Memorial Stadium, Mesquite Metro Airport hangar, Mesquite High School, and Mesquite Tower
Nickname: 
Rodeo Capital of Texas
Motto: 
Real. Texas. Flavor.
Location within and around Dallas County
Location within and around Dallas County
Coordinates: 32°45′30″N 96°35′12″W / 32.75833°N 96.58667°W / 32.75833; -96.58667
CountryUnited States
StateTexas
CountiesDallas, Kaufman
FoundedMay 1873
IncorporatedDecember 3, 1887
Named forMesquite Creek
Government
 • TypeCouncil–manager
Area
[1]
 • City
49.293 sq mi (127.668 km2)
 • Land49.102 sq mi (127.175 km2)
 • Water0.191 sq mi (0.495 km2)
Elevation
[2]
495 ft (151 m)
Population
 (2020)[3]
 • City
150,108
 • Estimate 
(2023)[4]
147,317
 • RankUS: 185th
TX: 21st
 • Density3,000/sq mi (1,158/km2)
 • Urban
5,732,354 (US: 6th)
 • Metro
8,100,037 (US: 4th)
Time zoneUTC–6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC–5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes
75149–75150, 75180–75182, 75185, 75187
Area code(s)214, 469, 972, and 945
FIPS code48-47892
GNIS feature ID2411090[2]
Sales tax8.25%[5]
Websitecityofmesquite.com

Mesquite is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, located in Dallas County with portions extending into Kaufman County. The population was 150,108 at the 2020 census,[3] and making it the 22nd-most populous city in Texas. Mesquite is positioned at the crossroads of four major highways (Interstates 30, 635, 20, and U.S. Route 80), making locations such as downtown Dallas, Lake Ray Hubbard, Dallas Love Field, and DFW International Airport accessible.

According to legislative action, the city is the "Rodeo Capital of Texas".[6] In 2016, Mesquite received a Playful City USA designation[7] for the fourth year in a row.[8] The city has been named a Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation for over 25 years.[9] The city of Mesquite holds the 10th-longest reign in all of Texas.[10]

Unique to suburbs of Dallas and Fort Worth, the city of Mesquite is served by its own local airport, Mesquite Metro Airport.[11] Companies and institutions with a major presence in the city are the United Parcel Service, Sears, AT&T, Charter Spectrum, Eastfield College, Ashley Furniture,[12] and FedEx.[13][12]

History

[edit]

Before settlement

[edit]

Centuries before American settlers moved into the area, Mesquite was an open prairie land and a key trading ground for indigenous peoples. The Ionies were a western tribe located close to present-day Fort Worth. The Tawakonies were in present-day Dallas. Finally, the Caddo were the native farmers of the Mesquite land. From 1680 to 1790, after harvest was over, these three tribes held an annual tournament and trading fair.[14]

Settlement

[edit]

The city of Mesquite was founded on March 14, 1878, on land along the Texas & Pacific Railway, which ran from Dallas to Shreveport, Louisiana. The locals then named the town after Mesquite Creek. The city was officially incorporated on December 3, 1887, after electing Mayor J.E. Russell.[15]

In the city's earliest years, it was known for many outlaws residing in the area. A prominent outlaw was Sam Bass, historically known for his train robberies in Texas. In 1878, he robbed a train in downtown Mesquite, escaping with only $152. Bass missed the $30,000 hidden by the express agent in the unused pot belly stove.[15] The Mesquiter, established in 1882 by R.S. Kimbrough, was Dallas County's longest-running newspaper.[15]

Development

[edit]

Mesquite prospered through the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a farming community, growing cotton, hay, corn, and sugarbeets, and using the railroad to ship raw goods. The town remained predominantly agrarian until after World War II, when the suburban boom took root in Mesquite.

In 1946, the Mesquite Rodeo was founded by Charlie Columbus McNally, and was one of the only rodeos that had a permanent location. By the mid-1980s, the events were being broadcast by ESPN.[16]

In 1959, Big Town Mall opened as the first air-conditioned shopping mall in the United States. Portions of the Talking Heads movie 'True Stories' were filmed at this mall. The mall was demolished in the summer of 2006, and FedEx opened a logistics center on the property in 2017.[13]

By 1970, the LBJ Freeway (I-635) was constructed, connecting Mesquite to its neighbors, Garland to the north and Balch Springs to the south. Also, in 1971, Town East Mall was constructed. The mall was used by director Ron Howard to film portions of the movie Cotton Candy in 1978. It can also be seen in drive-by footage in the Talking Heads movie 'True Stories', by Talking Heads frontman David Byrne. The mall's associated traffic and shops would continue to grow the town.

In 1986, the Mesquite Arena opened its doors as the new home for the Mesquite ProRodeo. By 1998, the facility was expanded to include a convention center, exhibition hall, and a Hampton Inn and Suites.

By the 1990 census, the city had grown to 101,484 people, up from 1,696 residents in 1950.

In 2011, Mesquite passed a law allowing beer and wine sales in the city. The measure had been considered several times for many years, but was always blocked by strong protest against the proposed sales. It was one of the few cities without beer and wine sales in eastern Dallas County before the law came into effect.

In June 2015, the Mesquite Arts Center added a Freedom Park exhibit, in memorial of September 11. The park displays a 15-foot (4.6 m) beam that was recovered from the remains of Ground Zero. The Mesquite Fire Department received the beam in 2011.[17]

Geography

[edit]

Mesquite is located in eastern Dallas County with a portion extending east into Kaufman County. The city is bordered to the west by Dallas, to the north by Garland, to the northeast by Sunnyvale, to the south by Seagoville and Dallas, and to the southwest by Balch Springs.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 49.293 square miles (127.67 km2), of which, 49.102 square miles (127.17 km2) is land and 0.191 square miles (0.49 km2) is water.[1] Mesquite is part of the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metroplex, in which one quarter of all Texans live.

Neighborhoods

[edit]
  • Lawson
  • Samuell Farms
  • Meadow Creek
  • Parkview
  • Broadmoor Estates
  • Old Broadmoor Estates
  • Crooked Lane
  • Fuentes
  • Eastern Heights
  • Edgemont Park
  • Creek Crossing
  • Rutherford
  • Falcon's Lair
  • Falcon's Ridge
  • Pecan Creek
  • Rollingwood Hills
  • Skyline
  • Big Town Estates
  • Presidential Estates
  • Pasadena Gardens
  • Original Town
  • Melton
  • Tealwood
  • Northridge
  • Quail Hollow
  • Wildwood
  • Valley Creek
  • Idle wood
  • Meadowview
  • Palos Verdes
  • hagan hills
  • Mesquite Park
  • Casa View Heights
  • Solterra Texas

Climate

[edit]

As a part of the DFW area, Mesquite has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) characteristic of the Southern Plains of the United States. It is also continental, characterized by a relatively wide annual temperature range. Located at the lower end of Tornado Alley, Mesquite and the rest of Dallas–Fort Worth are prone to extreme weather.

On average, the warmest month is July. The highest recorded temperature in Mesquite was 112 °F (44 °C) in 1980. The average coolest month is January. The lowest recorded temperature was 1 °F (−17 °C) in 1989. May is the average wettest month.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1890135—
1900406200.7%
191068769.2%
1920674−1.9%
19307298.2%
19401,04543.3%
19501,69662.3%
196027,5261,523.0%
197055,131100.3%
198067,05321.6%
1990101,48451.3%
2000124,52322.7%
2010139,82412.3%
2020150,1087.4%
2023 (est.)147,317[4]−1.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[18]
2020 Census[3]

2020 census

[edit]
Mesquite city, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[19] Pop 2010[20] Pop 2020[21] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White (NH) 81,388 58,215 37,797 65.36% 41.63% 25.18%
Black or African American (NH) 16,422 30,019 37,007 13.19% 21.47% 24.65%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 620 520 452 0.50% 0.37% 0.30%
Asian (NH) 4,634 4,430 4,207 3.72% 3.17% 2.80%
Pacific Islander (NH) 62 77 67 0.05% 0.06% 0.04%
Some Other Race (NH) 153 175 441 0.12% 0.13% 0.29%
Mixed race or Multi-Racial (NH) 1,744 2,255 3,865 1.40% 1.61% 2.57%
Hispanic or Latino 19,500 44,133 66,272 15.66% 31.56% 44.15%
Total 124,523 139,824 150,108 100.0% 100.0% 100.00%

As of the 2020 census, there were 150,108 people, 50,123 households, and 36,989 families residing in the city.[22] The population density was 3,096.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,195.4/km2). There were 52,615 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 33.5% White, 25.1% African American, 1.4% Native American, 2.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 19.9% from some other races and 17.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 44.1% of the population.[23] 28.0% of residents were under the age of 18, 7.4% were under 5 years of age, and 11.4% were 65 and older.

2010 census

[edit]

As of the 2010 census, there were 139,824 people, 48,586 households, and 34,641 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,038.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,173.1/km2). There were 51,952 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 59.0% White, 21.8% African American, 0.8% Native American, 3.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 11.9% from some other races and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.6% of the population.

2000 census

[edit]

As of the 2000 census, there were 124,523 people, 43,926 households, and 32,900 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,107.3/km² (2,868.1/mi²). There were 46,245 housing units at an average density of 411.2/km² (1,065.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.54% White, 13.32% African American, 0.60% Native American, 3.75% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 6.43% from other races, and 2.31% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.66% of the population.

There were 43,926 households out of which 43.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.1% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the city the population was spread out with 30.5% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 93.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $50,424, and the median income for a family was $56,357. Males had a median income of $37,756 versus $29,905 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,890. About 5.0% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.

According to information gathered by Sperling's BestPlaces, 62.7% claim religious affiliation.[24] Christianity is the most prevalent religion in Mesquite. The largest Christian body in the city is the Catholic Church, served by the Diocese of Dallas (19.6%), followed by Baptists (13.2%), Methodists (4.8%), Pentecostals (3.1%), Presbyterians (1.6%), Episcopalians (1.0%), Latter-Day Saints (1.0%), Lutherans (0.7%), and 12.4% from another Christian faith including the Oriental Orthodox and Eastern-rite Catholic churches. Mesquite is a center for Indian Christians from the Indian state of Kerala.[25] Their settlement, one of the earliest of the Indian Americans in the DFW area, was influenced by proximity to Dallas-based hospitals such as Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas and Parkland Hospital, as well as having initial low income and difficulties moving to mostly white northern suburbs.[26] The second-largest religion in Mesquite is Islam (3.6%) followed by Judaism (0.7%), and eastern faiths including Hinduism, Sikhism, and Buddhism (0.9%).[24]

Economy

[edit]

Much of Mesquite's economy is tied to the city of Dallas with the exception of local businesses. The largest national corporations operating in Mesquite are United Parcel Service, Sears, AT&T, Spectrum, Ashley Furniture, FedEx, OfficeMax, and GameStop.

Top Employers

[edit]

According to the City's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,[27] the largest employers in the city are:

# Employer Type of Business # of Employees
1 Mesquite Independent School District Education 1,000+
2 Town East Mall Enclosed Shopping Mall 1,000+
3 United Parcel Service Inc. Package Delivery Company 1,000+
4 Canadian Solar Renewable Energy Company 1,000+
5 City of Mesquite Government 1,000+
6 Pepsi Bottling Group Food and Beverage Industry 500-999
7 Dallas Regional Medical Center (formerly Mesquite Community Hospital) Medical Hospital 500-999
8 Eastfield College Higher Education 500-999
9 Walmart Supercenter Retail 500-999
10 Ashley Furniture Manufactures, Distributes, and Markets Furniture 500-999
— Total employers — 80,210

Arts and culture

[edit]

In 2016, the Mesquite Public Library System was presented with a 2016 Achievement of Library Excellence Award by the Texas Municipal Library Directors Association. Of the 548 public library systems in Texas, the Mesquite Public Library was one of only 43 libraries to earn this prestigious honor.[28] The Mesquite Public Library System consists of two branches to serve the community. Both branches offer traditional and non-traditional programs.[29]

Parks and recreation

[edit]
Mesquite Golf Club

The city houses 76 parks and four recreation centers. The city has been designated a Playful City USA four years running and opened its Heritage Trail system in 2015.[30] The hike and bike trail system consists of 4.25 miles of concrete trails and sidewalks, three trailheads, and other improvements that connect residents from their homes to the Mesquite Golf Club, schools, recreation centers, sports fields, shopping, and more.[31]

Mesquite Golf Club

[edit]

Mesquite Golf Club is a 154-acre (62 ha), 18-hole golf course for both novice and expert golfers. Operated by the City of Mesquite, the course is open seven days a week and features a pro shop and driving range.[32]

Mesquite Arts Center

[edit]

The 36,700-square-foot (3,410 m2) municipal arts facility houses a 494-seat music performance hall, black box theater, rehearsal hall, galleries, and support space.[33] The facility serves as the cultural center for the community and is home to the Mesquite Community Theatre, Mesquite Community Band and the Mesquite Symphony Orchestra.[34]

Government

[edit]

The city council of Mesquite consists of a mayor and six council members, with Daniel Alemán Jr. serving as mayor and Cliff Keheley as city manager.

The council members of Mesquite's city council are listed below.[35]

Position Occupant
Mayor Daniel Alemán Jr.
City manager Cliff Keheley
Assistant City Manager Chris Sanchez
District 1 Jeff Casper
District 2 Kenny Green
District 3 Elizabeth Rodriguez-Ross
District 4 Tandy Boroughs
District 5 B.W. Smith
District 6 Brandon Murden

Politics

[edit]
Mesquite city vote
by party in Presidential elections [36]
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2020 60.39% 28,762 38.23% 18,209 1.38% 660

Education

[edit]
North Mesquite High School
Public High Schools
Name Year founded Size Mascot Principal
Mesquite High School 1901 6A Stormy the Skeeter Jeff Johnson
North Mesquite High School 1969 5A Stallion T.J. Reed
West Mesquite High School 1976 (initially as middle school) 5A Wrangler Dr. Jordan Simmons
Poteet High School 1986 5A Pirate Kelly Long
John Horn High School 2000 6A Jaguar Deeadra Brown
Vanguard High School 2021 N/A N/A Clinton Elsasser

Mesquite Independent School District provides primary and secondary (K–12) education to most areas of Mesquite. A small portion of Mesquite is served by Dallas Independent School District. While another small area in Kaufman County is within the Forney Independent School District, the section has no residents. Mesquite also serves an area of Balch Springs.

In addition to 33 public elementary schools and ten public middle schools, Mesquite is served by five high schools: Mesquite High School, North Mesquite High School, West Mesquite High School, Poteet High School, and John Horn High School. The private Dallas Christian School is located in the city limits.

Colleges and universities

[edit]

The Texas Legislature defines all of Dallas County (including the vast majority of Mesquite) as being in the Dallas College (formerly Dallas County Community College or DCCCD) district. The portion in Kaufman County is within the Trinity Valley Community College district.[37] Eastfield College provides undergraduate degrees and continuing-education credits as part of Dallas College.

Higher education also is provided by two other institutions. Columbia College-Mesquite Campus is located on the Eastfield College campus. It is a private, nonprofit institution that was founded in Columbia, Missouri, in 1851. It provides bachelor's and master's degree programs.

Media

[edit]

Mesquite shares the same television and radio market with Dallas. The Mesquite Independent School District operates KEOM, a high-school sports and classic-hits radio station. The city's newspaper community primarily subscribes to The Dallas Morning News, Al Dia, and other Dallas-based newspapers. The Dallas Morning News has a section dedicated to local news in Mesquite.[38] Star Local News distributes the Mesquite News newspaper.

Transportation

[edit]

Mesquite is served by a publicly owned and operated airport, Mesquite Metro Airport. The airport includes a 6,000-foot (1,800 m) lighted runway with ILS. General aviation accounts for about 75% of daily operations, while commercial aviation accounts for the rest.[39] Mesquite Metro Airport is popular among transient aircraft due to its location near Dallas and favorable fuel prices.[40]

Two other nearby airports, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and Dallas Love Field, provide regular commercial passenger service to the region. Dallas Love Field is around 15 miles (24 km) from Mesquite; DFW Airport is roughly 30 miles (48 km) from Mesquite.

Mesquite is not a member of Dallas Area Rapid Transit, but on April 12, 2011, the DART Board changed its policy to permit DART to contract with nonmember cities for services, such as passenger rail and express service. The city and DART staffs have developed a coordinated plan to have a weekday commuter service in operation between the Hanby Stadium visitor parking lot and the DART's Green Line Lawnview Station. This route opened March 12, 2012. The city also has an optional public transportation service where citizens can schedule specific pickup and drop off times and locations within Mesquite through the STAR Transit service.[41]

Union Pacific Railroad operates an intermodal facility for its freight rail service as part of the Skyline Industrial Park. The recent expansion of this intermodal facility won a Silver award in the Industrial Paving Category by the American Concrete Pavement Association.[42]

Highways

[edit]
  • Interstate 20 is a major east–west interstate serving the south side of Mesquite passing through rural and residential areas including the Lawson area. I-20 connects with Balch Springs to the west and Terrell to the east.
  • Interstate 30 is a major east–west interstate that passes through the north side of Mesquite. I-30 connects with Dallas, Arlington, and Fort Worth to the west; Garland, Lake Ray Hubbard, and Rockwall to the east.
  • Interstate 635 (Lyndon B. Johnson Freeway) is an auxiliary interstate serving as a partial loop around Dallas and its suburbs. I-635 bisects the city of Mesquite and serves as the main freeway through the city as most of the local businesses and attractions (including Town East Mall and Mesquite Championship Rodeo) are built near or around I-635. The interstate connects with Garland to the north and Balch Springs to the south. I-635 also connects Mesquite with Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
  • U.S. Highway 80 is an east–west freeway passing through north Mesquite. US 80 connects with Sunnyvale, Forney, and Terrell to the east. To the west of Mesquite, the highway merges onto I-30.
  • Texas Highway 352 (Military Parkway/Scyene Road) is an east–west highway passing through both west Mesquite and downtown Mesquite. In the downtown area, it is known locally as Main Street on the westbound section and Davis Street on the eastbound section.
  • Belt Line Road also passes through Mesquite and serves as a major road. Belt Line Road serves as an outer loop around the Dallas suburbs.
  • Planning stages and environmental studies are being conducted to expand President George Bush Turnpike to connect from its current terminus at I-30 in Garland to I-20. The new segment of the toll road would pass through Sunnyvale and Mesquite in route to I-20 and would complete the loop around Dallas County.[43]

Notable people

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Mesquite, Texas
  3. ^ a b c "Explore Census Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  4. ^ a b "City and Town Population Totals: 2020–2023". United States Census Bureau. June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  5. ^ "Mesquite (TX) sales tax rate". Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  6. ^ "Mesquite Championship Rodeo | The Rodeo Capital of Texas". Mesquitechampionshiprodeo.com. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  7. ^ "Playful City USA Communities - KaBOOM!". Kaboom.org. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  8. ^ "Playful City USA | Mesquite, TX - Official Website". Cityofmesquite.com. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  9. ^ "Tree City USA - The Arbor Day Foundation". Arborday.org. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  10. ^ "Mesquite Recognized As A Tree City USA". CBS News. November 6, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  11. ^ "Mesquite Metro Airport | Mesquite, TX - Official Website". www.cityofmesquite.com. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
  12. ^ a b "2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for Fiscal Year". www.cityofmesquite.com. February 23, 2019.
  13. ^ a b "FedEx warehouse on former Mesquite mall site is symbolic of where retail is going". Dallas News. July 3, 2017. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
  14. ^ A Stake in the Prairie: Mesquite, Texas (Mesquite Historical Committee, 1984). Mesquite, Tx: Mesquite Historical Committee. 1984. pp. 7–10.
  15. ^ a b c Susanne Starling: Mesquite from the Handbook of Texas Online (June 15, 2010). Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  16. ^ "History of The Mesquite ProRodeo | Mesquite Championship Rodeo". Mesquitechampionshiprodeo.com. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  17. ^ "Mesquite will host Freedom Park, 9/11 memorial | Garland | Dallas News". Dallas News. June 10, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  18. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  19. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Mesquite city, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  20. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Mesquite city, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  21. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Mesquite city, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  22. ^ "US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  23. ^ "How many people live in Mesquite city, Texas". USA Today. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  24. ^ a b "Mesquite, Texas Religion". www.bestplaces.net. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
  25. ^ Brettell, Caroline B. '"Big D" Incorporating New Immigrants in a Sunbelt Suburban Metropolis' (Chapter 3). In: Singer, Audrey, Susan Wiley Hardwick, and Caroline Brettell. Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America (James A. Johnson metro series). Brookings Institution Press, 2009. ISBN 0815779283, 9780815779285. Start p. 53. CITED: p.64.
  26. ^ Brettell, Caroline B. '"Big D" Incorporating New Immigrants in a Sunbelt Suburban Metropolis' (Chapter 3). In: Singer, Audrey, Susan Wiley Hardwick, and Caroline Brettell. Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America (James A. Johnson metro series). Brookings Institution Press, 2009. ISBN 0815779283, 9780815779285. Start p. 53. CITED: p.65.
  27. ^ "City of Mesquite, Texas: 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report For the Year Ended December 31, 2023". June 20, 2024. p. 200.
  28. ^ Staff report. "Mesquite Public Library earns 2016 Achievement of Library Excellence Award". Star Local. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  29. ^ "MESQUITE PUBLIC LIBRARY SYSTEM - Mesquite, TX - Official Website". Cityofmesquite.com. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  30. ^ "Trails - Mesquite, TX - Official Website". Cityofmesquite.com. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  31. ^ "Mesquite will host Freedom Park, 9/11 memorial | Garland | Dallas News". Dallas News. June 10, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
  32. ^ "Mesquite Golf Club". Mesquitegc.com. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  33. ^ "Mesquite Arts Center - Mesquite, TX - Official Website". Cityofmesquite.com. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  34. ^ "Mesquite Arts Center | Mesquite, TX - Official Website". Cityofmesquite.com. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
  35. ^ "City Council | Mesquite, TX - Official Website". www.cityofmesquite.com. City of Mesquite, Texas. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
  36. ^ "Dallas County Election Results".
  37. ^ Texas Education Code: Sec. 130.176. DALLAS COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA. Sec. 130.205. TRINITY VALLEY COMMUNITY COLLEGE DISTRICT SERVICE AREA.
  38. ^ "News | Mesquite". Dallas News. Retrieved February 24, 2019.
  39. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved September 9, 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) City of Mesquite web site. Accessed September 9, 2006
  40. ^ [1]AirNav: Mesquite Metro Airport. Accessed September 8, 2006
  41. ^ [2]City of Mesquite Public Transportation. Accessed October 12, 2021
  42. ^ "TranSystems - Mesquite Intermodal Facility Expansion Receives Recognition". Transystems.com. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
  43. ^ "State Highway 190 East Branch Progress Report" (PDF). North Texas Tollway Authority. December 2015. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  44. ^ Biography for John Carmack at IMDb
  45. ^ "Cedar Creek Pilot, Gun Barrel City, TX - He's Got Talent". Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2007. Cedar Creek Pilot article
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