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For the airport near Salisbury, Maryland, assigned the ICAO code KSBY, see Salisbury-Ocean City Wicomico Regional Airport.
Not to be confused with KSBI.
KSBY
CitySan Luis Obispo, California
Channels
Branding
  • KSBY 6; KSBY News
Programming
Affiliations
Ownership
Owner
History
First air date
May 25, 1953 (71 years ago) (1953-05-25)
Former call signs
KVEC-TV (1953–1957)
Former channel number(s)
Analog: 6 (VHF, 1953–2009)
  • DuMont (1953–1955)
  • ABC (1955–1960)
  • CBS (1955–1969, secondary after 1964)
Call sign meaning
a disambiguation of former sister station KSBW, Key to San Luis oBispo Years
Technical information[1]
Licensing authority
FCC
Facility ID19654
ERP1,000 kW
HAAT515 m (1,690 ft)
Transmitter coordinates35°21′37″N 120°39′22″W / 35.36028°N 120.65611°W / 35.36028; -120.65611 (KSBY)
Translator(s)K10PV-D Santa Barbara
Links
Public license information
Websitewww.ksby.com

KSBY (channel 6) is a television station licensed to San Luis Obispo, California, United States, serving the southern Central Coast of California as an affiliate of NBC. The station is owned by the E. W. Scripps Company and maintains studios on Calle Joaquin in southern San Luis Obispo, with an additional studio on Carmen Lane in Santa Maria.[2] Its main transmitter is located atop Cuesta Peak; the station also has a translator, K10PV-D, in Santa Barbara.

Channel 6 was the first station to go on the air in the market; it launched on May 25, 1953, as KVEC-TV, the radio sister station to KVEC. Originally affiliated with the DuMont Television Network, it gained access to additional network programming in 1955. The station became linked to KSBW-TV in Salinas in 1957, changing its call sign to KSBY-TV; they continued to share programming into the 1970s, and the two outlets were co-owned for the next 38 years. In 1969, the station became a primary affiliate of NBC.

After being owned by Elisabeth Murdoch and her husband from 1994 to 1995, the station was acquired by Montecito–based SJL Broadcasting in 1996. SJL moved KSBY from its original studios in a residential area on Hill Street to the present hilltop site on Calle Joaquin; the station also began broadcasting a digital signal under its ownership. Scripps acquired KSBY in 2018 from Cordillera Communications. The station has generally been the news leader in the southern Central Coast market.

History

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Early years

[edit]

On February 17, 1948, the Valley Electric Company, owner of San Luis Obispo radio station KVEC, applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for permission to build a new television station on channel 3.[3] However, the application was not acted on by October 1948, when the commission instituted a freeze on new TV station grants to sort out possible changes to television broadcast standards.[4] The freeze was lifted in April 1952;[5] Valley Electric had to modify its application to specify the newly assigned channel 6.[3]

The FCC granted the application on March 11, 1953.[3] Construction proceeded on the station, which was half-built as of August 1952—months ahead of the grant.[6] The original studios were shared with KVEC radio at Mountain View and Hill streets;[7] when the facility was constructed in 1949, space was set aside for a future TV station.[8] KVEC-TV put out its first test pattern on May 13, 1953,[9] and it aired its first regular programming on May 25.[10] This made it the first post-freeze new station in California.[11] The station was originally affiliated with the DuMont Television Network,[8] but in 1955, the station was approved to build a microwave relay to bring in ABC and CBS programs from the networks' stations in Los Angeles.[12] The DuMont network wound down operations later that year.[13][14]

Ownership with KSBW

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In 1956, John Cohan, the lead stockholder in KSBW radio and television in Salinas, agreed to acquire the KVEC stations for $450,000.[15] KVEC-TV changed its call sign to KSBY-TV on June 14, 1957.[3] The new designation coincided in a major change for channel 6; it was now receiving its programs by microwave from KSBW-TV. While the pairing maintained studios in Salinas and San Luis Obispo, the combination was promoted as the Gold Coast Stations, and they began carrying the same mix of CBS, ABC, and NBC network programming.[16]

The Salinas Valley Broadcasting Corporation, parent company of both stations as well as KSBW radio in Salinas, agreed to be purchased in 1960 by Paul Harron and Gordon Gray, who together owned radio and television properties in upstate New York.[17] The deal never materialized; instead, president and general manager John Cohan and three associates took control of the station in a transaction announced that October.[18] KSBW and KSBY were no longer ABC affiliates by 1962; in the Salinas portion of the market, KNTV in San Jose was carrying the CBS and NBC shows that could not be fit on KSBW–KSBY's schedule,[19] while KEYT in Santa Barbara became a full-time ABC affiliate in September 1963.[20] In 1964, a second station went on the air in Santa Maria: KCOY-TV (channel 12), which in 1965 sought to force KSBY to become an exclusive CBS affiliate so as to protect its NBC affiliation.[21] The opposite would take place four years later: on January 12, 1969, KSBY became a primary NBC affiliate and KCOY-TV a primary CBS affiliate.[22] The ownership consortium, later known as Central California Communications Corporation, also owned the cable systems in Salinas and San Luis Obispo.[23] The FCC ordered Central California Communications Corporation to file for operation of KSBY on a standalone, non-satellite basis in 1975, on account of its financial condition; the order stemmed from a dispute with Gill Industries, owner of KNTV, over the combination of KSBW and KSBY viewership figures for ratings purposes in the Salinas–Monterey market, where the stations' competition—KNTV and KMST in the north and KCOY-TV in the south—did not serve the same area.[24]

KSBW and KSBY were acquired in 1979 by John Blair & Co., a New York firm that represented TV and radio stations to national advertisers. The company owned two radio stations but no TV stations.[25] By this time, KSBY was already dominating its market, leading KCOY and KEYT in evening news ratings even though its signal did not reach Santa Barbara directly.[26] In 1986, Blair fended off a hostile takeover attempt by Macfadden Acquisition Corporation[27] by accepting a competing, higher offer from Reliance Capital Group, led by financier Saul Steinberg.[28]

Reliance, however, did not buy Blair intending to keep its three English-language TV stations: KSBW, KSBY, and KOKH-TV in Oklahoma City; rather, it was interested in the Spanish-language stations in Miami and San Juan, Puerto Rico,[29] which were used to launch the Telemundo network in January 1987.[30] As a result, Blair sold KSBW, KSBY, and KOKH-TV to Gillett Communications for $86 million in November 1986.[31][32]

Gillett financed its ventures by issuing junk bonds and became burdened by a heavy debt load. The parent company, Gillett Holdings, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization in 1991; the next year, many of its subsidiaries, including KSBY, filed their own bankruptcy cases to protect the station from possible legal issues in the Gillett case.[33] The companies emerged from bankruptcy in October 1992 with ownership having been assumed by Gillett's debtholders. In 1994, KSBW and KSBY went on the market as a package, with Gillett Holdings seeking between $30 and $40 million and receiving multiple offers.[34]

EP Communications ownership

[edit]
Headshot of Elisabeth Murdoch
Elisabeth Murdoch (pictured in 2010) owned KSBY from 1994 to 1995.

Gillett announced on March 25, 1994, that KSBY and KSBW would be sold to EP Communications, a new company formed by Elisabeth Murdoch—daughter of media mogul Rupert Murdoch, owner of the Fox network—and her husband, Elkin Pianim. The Los Angeles Times reported a month before the announcement that Rupert Murdoch was interested in giving his daughter and son-in-law hands-on experience running a business.[35] Elisabeth Murdoch had previously worked at Australia's Nine Network and Fox, including a stint as the programming manager of Fox's station in Salt Lake City, Utah, KSTU.[36][37] There was also speculation that the stations could switch to Fox: at the time, Fox had no affiliate on the southern Central Coast. However, Elisabeth Murdoch was also reported to be taking pains to separate the running of the Central Coast stations from her father's media empire.[38] EP Communications paid $35 million for the pair;[39] the transaction was primarily financed by Commonwealth Bank of Australia, a longtime banker for Rupert Murdoch's media ventures, and was personally guaranteed by Rupert Murdoch.[40]

They brought a big-city mentality to a small-town TV station. And the town didn't care for it.

Colin Campbell, former KSBY news producer, on Elisabeth Murdoch's style of running the station[40]

The ownership tenure of EP Communications was characterized by multiple changes in management and personnel. The general manager was fired, months after he was promoted;[41] several news department employees departed for positions in other markets or out of TV news,[42] while Elisabeth Murdoch wrote to the San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune, decrying its coverage of changes at her station as "a commercially motivated attempt to embarrass a competitor for advertising dollars".[43] The highest-profile change Murdoch made was to fire Rick Martel, who had been the station's lead news anchor for nearly 15 years. The two—38 years apart in age—clashed, and Martel told Murdoch he was not comfortable working for her;[44] Murdoch stayed at the station until 1 a.m. to personally take or return phone calls from irate viewers.[40] Martel then briefly anchored the news at KCOY-TV between 1995 and 1996.[45][46][47]

The situation stabilized after four months, when Murdoch—who had been splitting her time between Salinas and San Luis Obispo—hired a manager to run KSBY and devoted her time to running KSBW.[48] In hindsight, observers noted that Murdoch brought to KSBW and KSBY a larger-market style that was at odds with the stations' prior image,[40] but it was more aggressive and professional with fewer on-air errors.[48] The stations were able to quickly improve their financial positions on account of reduced program costs and a 50-percent[48] increase in network compensation from NBC. In a year when advertising sales were flat, cash flow increased 42 percent.[40][48]

SJL ownership and studio move

[edit]

In September 1995, EP Communications announced the sale of KSBW and KSBY to separate owners. Smith Television—owner of KEYT in Santa Barbara—acquired KSBW, while KSBY was purchased by SJL Broadcasting, which was based in Montecito in Santa Barbara County. Murdoch and Pianim claimed in a statement that consolidation in the TV station industry forced them to either get bigger or sell, though a station employee claimed they were told a good unsolicited offer resulted in the sale.[49] The acquisition and sale of KSBY and KSBW after just 18 months resulted in a net gain of $12.25 million for Murdoch and Pianim.[50]

Refer to caption
KSBY's studios on Calle Joaquin in San Luis Obispo

The key priority of SJL's ownership tenure was to move KSBY out of the Hill Street studios it had occupied for more than 40 years. The location, in a residential area, limited future expansion; as early as 1986, when Gillett purchased channel 6, a relocation was identified as necessary for the station.[32] In 1996, SJL purchased a hilltop property at the end of Calle Joaquin that had housed a parade of nightclubs since 1975 but had sat vacant for more than two years.[51] Construction began in 1998, and the station relocated in 1999. The Calle Joaquin site, at 17,000 square feet (1,600 m2), was twice as large as the former quarters at 8,000 square feet (740 m2).[52]

KSBY expanded by launching the cable-only The WB 100+ Station Group virtual station "KWCA" in April 2002; the service replaced Los Angeles' KTLA on local cable.[53][54] In September 2002, SJL sold KSBY to the second incarnation of New Vision Television.[55] Jason Elkins, founder of New Vision, had previously owned and sold a group of stations under that name in the 1990s; KSBY and KVII-TV in Amarillo, Texas, were the second incarnation's first acquisitions. They believed there was still money to be made in small-market TV, particularly because viewer loyalty to network affiliates was higher in smaller markets.[56]

Recent history

[edit]

Evening Post Industries (through its Cordillera Communications subsidiary) acquired the station in 2004 for $67.75 million.[57] The station closed its Santa Barbara news bureau in January 2008, focusing its energies on news coverage in the San Luis Obispo and Santa Maria areas; however, it continued the practice of offering separate weather segments for all three areas.[58]

Cordillera announced on October 29, 2018, that it would sell most of its stations, including KSBY, to the E. W. Scripps Company.[59] The sale was completed on May 1, 2019.[60]

On April 19, 2024, Nexstar Media Group, majority owner of The CW, announced that the network would not renew its affiliations with Scripps-owned stations, including KSBY.[61] On July 31, the News-Press & Gazette Company announced that it had reached a deal with the network in which it would affiliate with Telemundo station KCOY.[62]

Technical information

[edit]

Subchannels

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The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of KSBY[63]
Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming
6.1 1080i 16:9 KSBY-HD NBC
6.2 720p Laff Laff
6.3 480i Grit Grit
6.4 CourtTV Court TV
6.5 Mystery Ion Mystery
6.6 ION Ion Television

Analog-to-digital conversion

[edit]

KSBY began broadcasting a digital signal on July 2, 2002.[64] shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 6, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under a federal mandate.[65] The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 15, using virtual channel 6.[66][67]

References

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  1. ^ "Facility Technical Data for KSBY". Licensing and Management System. Federal Communications Commission.
  2. ^ "Contact Us". KSBY News. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d "History Cards for KSBY". Federal Communications Commission.
  4. ^ Crater, Rufus (October 4, 1948). "Television Freeze: FCC Action Halted Pending Definite Policy". Broadcasting. pp. 22A, 57. ProQuest 1040475180.
  5. ^ "Thaw July 1: 617 VHFs, 1436 UHFs in 1291 Markets; Educators Win". Broadcasting. April 15, 1952. pp. 23, 67–68. ProQuest 1285696665.
  6. ^ "TV Reception in Valley Planned by 2 Stations: Hope to Get Permits Soon". Santa Maria Times. August 20, 1952. pp. 1, 3. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ^ "Handsome Headquarters". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. May 16, 1953. p. TV 1. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ a b "TV In San Luis Now Is Sending Nightly Program". The Fresno Bee. May 27, 1953. p. 21-B. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Test Pattern On Air at Noon Today". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. May 13, 1953. p. 1. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ "Television Takes To Air Here in First Program". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. May 26, 1953. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ "TV Program Start Expected May 25: KVEC Ready To Launch Into Video". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. May 16, 1953. p. TV 1. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ "KVEC-TV Gets Network Okeh". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. May 5, 1955. p. 2. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "DuMont Network To Quit In Telecasting 'Spin-Off'". Broadcasting. August 15, 1955. p. 64. ProQuest 1014914488.
  14. ^ "DuMont Turns Its Corporate Back On TV Network, Leaves It To Die". Broadcasting. August 29, 1955. p. 80. ProQuest 1014916214.
  15. ^ "Cohan Buys KVEC-AM-TV; KITO, KAKC Buys Concluded". Broadcasting. April 23, 1956. pp. 92, 94. ProQuest 1401216261.
  16. ^ "Channel 6 In New TV Combine". The Lompoc Record. June 20, 1957. p. IV:2. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ "Eastern Group Buys KSBW Television and Radio Stations Here". The Californian. March 21, 1960. p. 2. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "Closed Circuit: New deal in Salinas". Broadcasting. October 17, 1960. p. 5. ProQuest 962817297.
  19. ^ "Gilliland Says TV-11 Has as Much at Stake As 8 in Cable System". The Californian. May 2, 1962. p. 36. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ "3 Color Shows On KEYT TV". Ventura County Star-Free Press. October 5, 1963. p. 9. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ^ "Station pressured to program only CBS shows: KSBY target in federal action". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. November 5, 1965. p. 7. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ "Media reports: Network changes". Broadcasting. January 13, 1969. p. 47. ProQuest 1016853512.
  23. ^ "New York firm buys KSBY-TV". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. January 13, 1978. p. 1. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ "FCC steps out of market wrangle". Broadcasting. December 1, 1975. p. 32. ProQuest 1014686699.
  25. ^ "$10.7 million sale of TV stations OK'd". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. April 12, 1979. p. A-3. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ "Night news under lights at KSBY". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. May 1, 1980. pp. A-1, A-10. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ Fulks, Tom (May 15, 1986). "KSBY's parent firm battling bid to take over the company". The County Telegram-Tribune. pp. 1/A, 3/A. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ^ Fulks, Tom (June 5, 1986). "KSBY's parent firm in corporate tug of war". The County Telegram-Tribune. pp. 1/A, 3/A. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ "Reliance Capital Said To Be Mulling a Sale Of John Blair Stations". The Wall Street Journal. September 10, 1986. ProQuest 397969736.
  30. ^ "Telemundo TV Network to Air Nationally Tonight". The Wall Street Journal. January 12, 1987. ProQuest 398013667.
  31. ^ "KSBY-TV purchased by Gillet". The County Telegram-Tribune. November 12, 1986. p. 3/A. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ^ a b "KSBY sale was a byproduct of try for Spanish network". The County Telegram-Tribune. November 13, 1986. p. 9/A. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ^ "Parental firm woes push KSBY toward Chapter 11". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. May 5, 1992. p. A-8. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ Eddy, David (January 31, 1994). "Sale of KSBY likely, broker says". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. p. B-3. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ^ Lippman, John (February 16, 1994). "Murdoch Seeks to Buy 2 TV Stations to Be Run by Daughter". Los Angeles Times. p. D2. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ^ Albiniak, Paige (November 21, 2008). "The Executive With Something 'Extra'". Broadcasting & Cable. Archived from the original on October 24, 2022. Retrieved October 24, 2022.
  37. ^ Parsons, Larry (February 11, 1995). "Broadcasting a family affair: Station owner combines media and motherhood". The Californian. pp. 1B, 3B. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^ Benson, Jim (April 4, 1994). "Fox family matters to NBC". Variety. p. 52. ProQuest 1286117051.
  39. ^ "Changing Hands". Broadcasting & Cable. April 11, 1994. p. 39. ProQuest 1016933872.
  40. ^ a b c d e Witcher, S. Karene; Lippman, John (July 4, 1996). "Extra! Media Mogul Grooms Kids for Top!". The Wall Street Journal. p. 10. ProQuest 1000341355.
  41. ^ "General manager loses top post at KSBY-TV". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. November 5, 1994. p. C-7. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  42. ^ Eddy, David (December 7, 1994). "KSBY in transition with more changes on horizon". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. pp. B-1, B-4. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. ^ "KSBY owner says column left much to be desired". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. December 10, 1994. p. B-5. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. ^ Eddy, David (March 2, 1995). "'He was trying to hold me hostage': KSBY owners fire anchor Rick Martel". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. pp. A1, A6. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ^ Eddy, David (June 24, 1995). "KCOY horse slowly gaining in evening news ratings race". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. p. C-6. Retrieved October 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  46. ^ Eddy, David (September 2, 1995). "Did Rick make a difference? Well, sort of". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. p. C-6. Retrieved October 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. ^ Wilcox, Dave (June 29, 1996). "Martel off the air again". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. pp. B-1, B-2. Retrieved October 16, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ^ a b c d Heft, Richard Kelly (January 17, 1996). "Following in her father's footsteps". Evening Post. Wellington, New Zealand. p. 5. ProQuest 314436379.
  49. ^ McCall, Ken (September 16, 1995). "Murdoch sells KSBY". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. pp. A-1, A-10. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. ^ "Murdoch, husband make $12.25 million". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. September 21, 1995. pp. B-1, B-2. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. ^ Lyons, Silas (July 6, 1996). "KSBY plans move to building famous for nights of rock 'n' roll". San Luis Obispo County Telegram-Tribune. pp. B-1, B-4. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. ^ Ciaffardini, David (August 14, 1998). "New studio, other changes planned for local station". Times-Press-Recorder. p. 3. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. ^ "Charter Cable customers to see changes". The Tribune. April 4, 2002. pp. D1, D2. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. ^ "KSBY to be purchased by New Vision Group". Times-Press-Recorder. June 12, 2002. p. 5. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ^ "County's NBC affiliate: KSBY-TV purchased by Atlanta group". The Tribune. June 9, 2002. pp. B1, B2. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ^ Jessell, Harry A. (December 9, 2002). "Old hands with new money". Broadcasting & Cable. p. 30. ProQuest 225280125.
  57. ^ Roberts, Carol (October 30, 2004). "KSBY changes hands again: Evening Post Publishing Co. will be the fourth owner in nine years for the local NBC affiliate". The Tribune. pp. A1, A10. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  58. ^ Meagher, Chris (January 11, 2008). "KSBY Closes Santa Barbara Bureau: San Luis-Based Station Moves Focus to North County". Santa Barbara Independent.
  59. ^ "The E.W. Scripps Company buys more television stations, bringing total to 51". WCPO-TV. October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  60. ^ Miller, Mark K. (May 1, 2019). "Scripps Closes On Cordillera Stations Purchase". TVNewsCheck. NewsCheckMedia. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  61. ^ Lafayette, Jon (April 19, 2024). "Nexstar Dropping Scripps-Owned The CW Affiliates in 7 Markets". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved April 19, 2024.
  62. ^ "The CW Network Announces New Affiliates In Tucson, Arizona, Santa Barbara, California, And Corpus Christi, Texas". Nexstar Media Group, Inc. July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  63. ^ "TV Query for KSBY". RabbitEars.
  64. ^ Stevens, Leslie E. (July 3, 2002). "KSBY upgrades to digital broadcasts". The Tribune. p. D1. Retrieved October 17, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ^ "List of TV stations ending analog broadcasts". NBC News. Associated Press. February 17, 2009. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2023.
  66. ^ "KSBY-TV will convert to digital broadcasting February 17, 2009". KSBY. Archived from the original on February 7, 2009. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
  67. ^ "DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. May 23, 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 29, 2013. Retrieved August 29, 2021.
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