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Langfang

Coordinates: 39°32′18″N 116°41′01″E / 39.5383°N 116.6835°E / 39.5383; 116.6835
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Lanfang Republic.
For other uses, see Langfang (disambiguation).
Langfang
廊坊市
Prefecture-level city
Clockwise from the top: Sanhe, Jingkelong, Beijing Daxing International Airport, Downtown Langfang at night
Map
Location of Langfang City jurisdiction in Hebei
Location of Langfang City jurisdiction in Hebei
Langfang is located in Hebei
Langfang
Langfang
Location of the city centre in Hebei
Langfang is located in Northern China
Langfang
Langfang
Langfang (Northern China)
Langfang is located in China
Langfang
Langfang
Langfang (China)
Coordinates (Langfang municipal government): 39°32′18″N 116°41′01″E / 39.5383°N 116.6835°E / 39.5383; 116.6835
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHebei
Settled1948
EstablishedSeptember 13, 1988
Municipal seatGuangyang District
Area
6,417.28 km2 (2,477.73 sq mi)
 • Urban
961.8 km2 (371.4 sq mi)
 • Metro
961.8 km2 (371.4 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
5,464,087
 • Density850/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,147,591
 • Urban density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,147,591
 • Metro density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
GDP[2]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 281 billion
US$ 42.7 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 60,769
US$9,000
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 codeCN-HE-10
License Plate Prefix冀R
Websitelf.gov.cn
Langfang
Simplified Chinese廊坊
Literal meaning"assistant minister's dwelling"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLángfáng

Langfang is a prefecture-level city of Hebei Province, and was known as Tianjin Prefecture until 1973. It was renamed Langfang Prefecture after Tianjin became a municipality and finally upgraded into a prefecture-level city in 1988. Langfang is located approximately midway between Beijing and Tianjin. At the 2020 census, the population of Langfang was 5,464,087, of whom 1,147,591 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Guangyang and Anci districts; its total area is around 6,417.28 km2 (2,477.73 sq mi).[3] Langfang borders Baoding to the southwest, Cangzhou to the south (both prefecture-level cities of Hebei), Beijing to the north and Tianjin to the east. Sanhe City and Dachang Hui County are now conurbated with Beijing, so that they form part of the same built-up area. Langfang is the smallest prefecture-level city of Hebei Province by land area.[4]

Administrative divisions

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Langfang consists of 2 county-level districts, 2 county-level cities, 5 counties, 1 autonomous county, and one economic development zone (开发区).

Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2004 est.) 		Area (km2) Density (/km2)
Anci District 安次区 Āncì Qū 350,000 595 588
Guangyang District 广阳区 Guǎngyáng Qū 410,000 313 1,310
Bazhou City 霸州市 Bàzhōu Shì 570,000 784 727
Sanhe City 三河市 Sānhé Shì 480,000 643 747
Gu'an County 固安县 Gù'ān Xiàn 390,000 697 560
Yongqing County 永清县 Yǒngqīng Xiàn 370,000 774 478
Xianghe County 香河县 Xiānghé Xiàn 310,000 458 677
Dacheng County 大城县 Dàchéng Xiàn 460,000 910 505
Wen'an County 文安县 Wén'ān Xiàn 460,000 980 769
Dachang Hui
Autonomous County 		大厂回族自治县 Dàchǎng Huízú
Zìzhìxiàn 		110,000 176 625

Development area:

Geography

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Aerial view of downtown Langfang (below) and Beijing Daxing International Airport in July 2019

Langfang City is located in the central part of Hebei Province, with latitude ranging from 38 ° 30 'to 40 ° 05' north and longitude ranging from 116 ° 07 'to 117 ° 15' east. To the north is Yanshan Mountain, to the west is Taihang Mountain, to the east is Bohai Sea, and to the south is the vast North China Plain.

The area of this city is 6429 square kilometers. In the northern region, there are Sanhe County, Dachang Hui Autonomous County, and Xianghe County; In the central and southern regions, there are Anci District, Yongqing County, Gu'an County, Baxian County, Wen'an County, and Dacheng County. The city governs one district and eight counties, 44 towns, 110 townships, and 3228 administrative villages.[5]

On the other hand, air pollution is a severe problem and in 2013 it was ranked among the 10 worst cities in China for air pollution, along with 6 other cities in Hebei including Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Handan, Hengshui and Tangshan, are among China's 10 most polluted cities.[6] From the perspective of atmospheric environment, pollutants emitted from the Shanxi Plateau, Beijing Tianjin Tangshan, southern Hebei, Shandong, and southern Henan are transported by various wind belts in front of the Taihang Mountains, forming a convergence of boundary layer pollutants. In addition, influenced by the westerly wind belt and the leeward slope terrain of the Taihang Mountains, various types of terrain depressions often form in the Hebei Plain, causing the convergence of pollutants in the region.[7]

The "Northern Three Counties" Exclave

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The "Northern Three Counties of Langfang City" exclave, separated from the rest of the province, is a part of Langfang City. The exclave comprises Sanhe County-level city, Xianghe County, and Dachang Hui Autonomous County and is located between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.

Climate

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Climate data for Langfang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.4
(57.9) 		19.6
(67.3) 		30.4
(86.7) 		33.2
(91.8) 		39.1
(102.4) 		41.4
(106.5) 		40.3
(104.5) 		37.0
(98.6) 		35.0
(95.0) 		31.1
(88.0) 		22.4
(72.3) 		14.1
(57.4) 		41.4
(106.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.2
(36.0) 		6.2
(43.2) 		13.4
(56.1) 		21.3
(70.3) 		27.5
(81.5) 		31.1
(88.0) 		31.9
(89.4) 		30.8
(87.4) 		26.8
(80.2) 		19.7
(67.5) 		10.4
(50.7) 		3.6
(38.5) 		18.7
(65.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.4
(25.9) 		0.1
(32.2) 		7.1
(44.8) 		14.8
(58.6) 		21.0
(69.8) 		25.0
(77.0) 		26.9
(80.4) 		25.7
(78.3) 		20.7
(69.3) 		13.3
(55.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		12.9
(55.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −7.8
(18.0) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		1.6
(34.9) 		8.8
(47.8) 		14.8
(58.6) 		19.6
(67.3) 		22.6
(72.7) 		21.5
(70.7) 		15.8
(60.4) 		8.2
(46.8) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		7.9
(46.2)
Record low °C (°F) −21.8
(−7.2) 		−18.5
(−1.3) 		−11.2
(11.8) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		5.0
(41.0) 		10.1
(50.2) 		14.6
(58.3) 		12.7
(54.9) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−13.7
(7.3) 		−19.5
(−3.1) 		−21.8
(−7.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 2.6
(0.10) 		5.7
(0.22) 		6.7
(0.26) 		23.6
(0.93) 		34.8
(1.37) 		77.3
(3.04) 		164.2
(6.46) 		122.0
(4.80) 		52.8
(2.08) 		29.5
(1.16) 		14.3
(0.56) 		2.3
(0.09) 		535.8
(21.07)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.8 2.2 2.9 4.7 5.9 9.2 11.4 9.5 6.8 4.7 3.2 1.5 63.8
Average snowy days 2.4 2.1 1.1 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.4 2.6 9.7
Average relative humidity (%) 50 48 45 47 52 61 74 76 70 63 59 53 58
Mean monthly sunshine hours 173.6 180.2 226.3 247.0 275.2 243.2 215.3 219.6 214.0 199.7 165.5 165.7 2,525.3
Percent possible sunshine 57 59 61 62 62 55 48 52 58 59 56 57 57
Source: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] all-time extreme temperature[10]

History

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See also: Battle of Langfang and Battle of Beiping–Tianjin § The Langfang Incident

On June 26, 1900, during the Boxer Movement, belligerent European forces heading towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at the Battle of Langfang, and were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The Chinese forces were victorious.[11]

It was the site of another battle during the Second Sino-Japanese War.In the summer of 1938, on the vast fertile land on both sides of the Luan River east of Beiping and Tianjin, and west of Shanhaiguan and Qinhuangdao, an anti Japanese storm swept across the eastern region of Hebei Province - the Jidong People's Anti Japanese Armed Uprising. The Jidong Uprising, in the history of anti fascist armed uprisings during World War II, was the earliest, largest in number, most widespread in territory, had the greatest impact, and achieved the most significant results in the nationwide armed resistance against Japan.[12]

Economy

[edit]

Langfang's economy emphasizes computers and technology and manufacturing. To that effect Langfang is home to an Export Processing Zone, an area for factories, and the Oriental University City, a 4-billion yuan investment that began construction in 1999, where some 30 universities enroll about 50,000 students.

There are two national oil and gas companies based in Langfang. The China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau, the primary builder of pipelines in China, and the ENN Group, a natural gas company, are both based in the city.[13]

In recent years, Langfang has focused on digital industrialization, industrial digitization, digital governance, and data value, strengthening the digital economy and empowering high-quality development.[14]

Development Zone

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  • Langfang Export Processing Zone

The Langfang Export Processing Zone (Langfang EPZ) was established by the State Council in 2005. Langfang Export Processing Zone is a special enclosed area approved by the State Council and supervised by customs. In accordance with the instructions of the State Council leadership to optimize stock, control increment, standardize management, and improve level, the current "grazing style" for processing trade has been changed to a "captive style" centralized management. Currently, export processing zones have become an important carrier for regulating processing trade management and promoting the transformation and upgrading of processing trade in China.[15] It has a planned area of 0.5 km2 and commenced operation in October 2008. It is the only state-level development zone in Langfang. Langfang EPZ is located in the Langfang Economic and Technical Development Zone (Langfang ETDZ), which is a province-level development zone. It is 38 km (24 mi) from Beijing's third ring-road, and 50 km (31 mi) from down-town Tianjin. It is 60 km (37 mi) from Beijing Capital International Airport, and 70 km (43 mi) from Tianjin Binhai International Airport, airports which are China's first and twelfth largest airports in terms of cargo transport, respectively. The nation's fourth largest seaport, Tianjin Port, is 105 km (65 mi) from Langfang EPZ.[16]

Transport

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Langfang railway station in Anci District, Langfang

Part of the Beijing Daxing International Airport (IATA: PKX, ICAO: ZBAD) is located in Guangyang District of Langfang. It is also only a one-hour drive from Beijing Capital International Airport (IATA: PEK, ICAO: ZBAA) and the Tianjin New Port.

The Guangyang railway station serves the older Beijing–Shanghai railway, while the newer Langfang railway station opened in July 2011 as the penultimate stop on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway.[17]

Langfang Railway Station. The station is located on Jiefang Road, Guangyang District, Langfang City, Hebei Province. Langfang Railway Station is 74 kilometers upstream from Beijing Station and 1393 kilometers downstream from Shanghai Station on the Beijing Shanghai Railway. It is under the jurisdiction of the Beijing Railway Bureau's Beijing Rolling Stock Depot and is currently a second-class station and interval station.[18]

References

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  1. ^ "China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
  2. ^ 河北省统计局、国家统计局河北调查总队. 《河北经济年鉴－2018》. 中国统计出版社. ISBN 978-7-5356-7824-9. Archived from the original on 2020-03-26. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  3. ^ "我市第七次全国人口普查主要数据发布 全市常住人口546.41万人 - 廊坊市人民政府". www3.lf.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  4. ^ "城市综述_政府网群_廊坊_新华网河北频道". he.news.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  5. ^ "廊坊市地理 | PDF". Scribd. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  6. ^ Bildner, Eli (February 27, 2013). "Interactive Maps of China's Most–and Least–Polluted Places". Global Voices China. newsmotion.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014.
  7. ^ "十大最重污染城市河北七席". politics.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  8. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  9. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
  10. ^ "Extreme Temperatures Around the World". Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  11. ^ Paul A. Cohen (1997). History in three keys: the boxers as event, experience, and myth. Columbia University Press. p. 49. ISBN 0-231-10651-3. Retrieved 2010-06-28. dong fuxiang major victory seymour tianjin.
  12. ^ "在著名的冀东大暴动中，三河人民揭竿而起 - 廊坊市人民政府". www.lf.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  13. ^ "China National Wins Reliance Gas Pipeline Contract in India". Bloomberg. July 8, 2014.
  14. ^ "廊坊数字经济赋能高质量发展". he.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  15. ^ "廊坊出口加工区-地纬招商网河北站". hb.zhongguozhaoshang.com. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
  16. ^ RightSite.asia | Langfang Export Processing Zone
  17. ^ 京沪高铁公布23个站名 6月1日起正式启用. 2011-05-26. Archived from the original on 2011-08-08. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
  18. ^ "廊坊站高铁列车查询_【高铁网】_廊坊站火车时刻表票价_【廊坊站】_地址交通简介_网上订票". www.gaotie.cn. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
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